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Why interdisciplinary research matters. Nature , Support Center Support Center. External link. Please review our privacy policy. Mineral nanocrystal creates an oxidation reaction, continuously oxidizing organic contaminants. Antiviral fabric is used in the production of medical devices such as masks, gloves and gowns to ensure better prevention against the spread of virus. Self-sanitizing surgical mask proven to kill Face mask with a Has sensitivity and reliability of visual detection so used in point-of-care tests detection kit.
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The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation. Nature Publishing Group. A significant impediment to the widespread use of noninvasive in vivo vascular imaging techniques is the current lack of suitable intravital imaging probes.
The authors describe here a new strategy to use viral nanoparticles as a platform for the multivalent display of fluorescent dyes to image tissues deep inside living organisms. The bioavailable cowpea mosaic virus CPMV can be fluorescently labeled to high densities with no measurable quenching, resulting in exceptionally bright particles with in vivo dispersion properties that allow high-resoln. Furthermore, the authors show that the intravital visualization of human fibrosarcoma-mediated tumor angiogenesis using fluorescent CPMV provides a means to identify arterial and venous vessels and to monitor the neovascularization of the tumor microenvironment.
American Chemical Society. A review. Viral nanotechnol. VNPs have been developed as candidates for novel materials, and are often described as "programmable" because they can be modified and functionalized using a no. In this review, we discuss the concepts and methods that allow VNPs to be engineered, including i bioconjugation chemistries, ii encapsulation techniques, iii mineralization strategies, and iv film and hydrogel development.
With all these techniques in hand, the potential applications of VNPs are limited only by the imagination. Bruckman, Michael A. Elsevier B. Understanding the pharmacokinetics, blood compatibility, biodistribution and clearance properties of nanoparticles is of great importance to their translation to clin. The availability of rods and spheres made of the same protein provides a unique scaffold to study the effect of nanoparticle shape on in vivo fate.
For enhanced biocompatibility, we also considered a PEGylated formulation. Overall, the versions of nanoparticles exhibited comparable in vivo profiles; a few differences were noted: data indicate that rods circulate longer than spheres, illustrating the effect that shape plays on circulation.
Also, PEGylation increased circulation times. We found that macrophages in the liver and spleen cleared the TMV rods and spheres from circulation. In the spleen, the viral nanoparticles trafficked through the marginal zone before eventually co-localizing in B-cell follicles. TMV rods and spheres were cleared from the liver and spleen within days with no apparent changes in histol. Further, blood biocompatibility was supported, as none of the formulations induced clotting or hemolysis. This work lays the foundation for further application and tailoring of TMV for biomedical applications.
Shukla, Sourabh; Wen, Amy M. Future Medicine Ltd. Aim: Nanoparticles based on plant viruses are emerging biomaterials for medical applications such as drug delivery and imaging. Their regular structures can undergo genetic and chem. Of several such platforms under development, only few have been characterized in vivo.
We recently introduced the filamentous plant virus, potato virus X PVX , as a new platform. PVX presents with a unique nanoarchitecture and is difficult to synthesize chem.
Methods: Here, we present a detailed anal. Aljabali, Alaa A. At higher concns. The CPMV conjugate is targeted to the endolysosomal compartment of the cells, in which the proteinaceous drug carrier is degraded and the drug released.
This study is the first demonstrating the utility of CPMV as a drug delivery vehicle. Controlled Release , — Google Scholar There is no corresponding record for this reference. Viral nanoparticles VNPs are attractive platforms for use in the biotechnol.
A wide variety of these particles, labeled with fluorescent reporters, have been characterized using flow cytometry and cellular imaging techniques. Fluorescence microscopy allows the direct observation of VNPs on the cell surface or inside the membrane as well as the cellular localization of the nanoparticles while flow cytometry allows the statistical quantification of nanoparticle uptake and targeting specificity.
This article is a U. Government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Koudelka, Kristopher J. American Society for Microbiology. Cowpea mosaic virus CPMV , a plant virus that is a member of the picornavirus superfamily, is increasingly being used for nanotechnol.
For these applications, it is crit. Although the bioavailability of CPMV in the mouse has been demonstrated, the specific interactions between CPMV and mammalian cells need to be characterized further.
Here we demonstrate that although the host range for replication of CPMV is confined to plants, mammalian cells nevertheless bind and internalize CPMV in significant amts.
This binding is mediated by a conserved kDa protein found on the plasma membranes of both human and murine cell lines. Further characterization of CPMV-BP is important to understand how CPMV is trafficked through the mammalian system and may shed light on how picornaviruses may have evolved between plant and animal hosts. Plummer, Emily M. Aims: Detection of atherosclerosis has generally been limited to the late stages of development, after cardiovascular symptoms present or a clin.
One possibility for early detection is the use of functionalized nanoparticles. The aim of this study was the early imaging of atherosclerosis using nanoparticles with a natural affinity for inflammatory cells in the lesion. We also examd. This correlated with increased surface vimentin in the lesion compared with nonlesion vasculature.
In conclusion, cowpea mosaic virus and its vimentin-binding region holds potential for use as a targeting ligand for early atherosclerotic lesions, and as a probe for detecting upregulation of surface vimentin during inflammation. Original submitted 5 August ; Revised submitted 30 Nov. Chatterji, Anju; Ochoa, Wendy F. Cell Press. Cowpea mosaic virus CPMV is a robust, icosahedrally sym. The sym. We report new CPMV reagent particles generated by systematic replacement of surface lysines with arginine residues.
The relative reactivity of each lysine on the native particle was detd. Structural anal. Combined with site-directed cystine mutations, it is now possible to uniquely double label CPMV, expanding its use as an addressable nanoblock.
Cowpea mosaic virus CPMV can be isolated in gram quantities, possesses a structure that is known to at. It is therefore of potential use as a mol. CPMV was found to possess a lysine residue with enhanced reactivity in each asym.
The identity of this residue was established by a combination of acylation, protein digestion, and mass spectrometry. Under forcing conditions, up to four lysine residues per asym. In combination with engineered cysteine reactivity described in the accompanying paper, this provides a powerful platform for the alteration of the chem. The CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddn.
CuAAC reactions can be combined with a diazonium-coupling reaction to quant. Tobacco Mosaic Virus TMV is a classic example of rodlike plant viruses consisting of identical protein subunits arranged helically around genomic single RNA strand. The length of TMV, that is nm, is defined by the encapsulated genomic RNA that stabilizes the coat protein assembly. The polar outer and inner surfaces of TMV have been exploited as templates to grow metal or metal oxide nanowires, and conductive polymers have been coated on 1D assembled TMV to produce conductive nanowires.
TMV based materials have recently shown great potential with applications in nanoelectronics and energy harvesting devices. In addn. This reaction is very efficient, yet has two distinct disadvantages for broader applications. First, it is difficult to synthesize desired starting materials; and second, the reaction is not compatible with acid-labile functional groups and suitable for electron-deficient anilines only.
To embrace the structural diversity of various starting materials, TMV offers an ideal polyvalent display system which allows us to test the efficiency of CuAAC reaction in combining with the tyrosine ligation reaction. Yefimova, S. The efficiency of Foerster resonance energy transfer FRET between pairs of different dyes in the nanovolumes of surfactant micelles and liposomes was studied using optical spectroscopy methods.
More efficient FRET with the same soln. It was shown that not only the spectral overlap integral and the Foerster distance but also specific interactions between mols. Spherical and rod-shaped gold nanoparticles with surface poly ethylene glycol PEG chains were characterized for size, shape, charge, poly dispersity and surface plasmon resonance.
The nanoparticles were injected i. Gold nanorods were taken up to a lesser extent by the liver, had longer circulation time in the blood, and higher accumulation in the tumors, compared with their spherical counterparts. The cellular uptake of PEGylated gold nanoparticles by a murine macrophage-like cell line as a function of geometry was examd. Compared to nanospheres, PEGylated gold nanorods were taken up to a lesser extent by macrophages.
These studies point to the importance of gold nanoparticle geometry and surface properties on transport across biol. Using a series of gold nanoparticles with incremental increase in dimensions but varying geometries spherical vs. In the range of nm diam. Surface attachment of PEG reduced cellular uptake. PEGylated gold nanorods had a net pos. In the absence of serum proteins the uptake of plain spherical GNPs increased. These studies pave the way for the tailoring of gold nanoparticles for targeted tumor therapy applications.
Gratton, Stephanie E. Christopher; Madden, Victoria J. National Academy of Sciences. The interaction of particles with cells is known to be strongly influenced by particle size, but little is known about the interde- pendent role that size, shape, and surface chem.
We report on the internalization of specially designed, monodisperse hydrogel particles into HeLa cells as a function of size, shape, and surface charge.
We employ a top-down particle fabrication technique called PRINT that is able to generate uniform populations of org. Evidence of particle internalization was obtained by using conventional biol. Moreover, it was found that rod-like particles enjoy an appreciable advantage when it comes to internalization rates, reminiscent of the advantage that many rod-like bacteria have for internalization in nonphagocytic cells. We investigated the intracellular uptake of different sized and shaped colloidal gold nanoparticles.
We showed that kinetics and satn. The findings from this study will have implications in the chem. Steinmetz, Nicole F. Aims: Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament, is upregulated during epithelial--mesenchymal transition and tumor progression.
Vimentin is surface-expressed on cells involved in inflammation; the function remains unknown. We investigated the expression of surface vimentin on cancer cells and evaluated targeting nanoparticles to tumors exploiting vimentin. Tumor homing was tested using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model with human tumor xenografts. Surface vimentin expression correlated with cowpea mosaic virus uptake, underscoring the utility of cowpea mosaic virus to detect invasive cancer cells.
Targeting to tumor xenografts was obsd. Our data provide novel insights into the role of surface vimentin in cancer and targeting nanoparticles in vivo. Densely and specifically aligned imaging agents on viruses have allowed for high-resolution and noninvasive visualization tools to detect and treat diseases earlier than previously possible. These and future applications of viruses have created an exciting new field within the disciplines of both nanotechnology and medicine.
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