Wednesday 20 October Thursday 21 October Friday 22 October Saturday 23 October Sunday 24 October Monday 25 October Tuesday 26 October Wednesday 27 October Thursday 28 October Friday 29 October Saturday 30 October Sunday 31 October Monday 1 November Tuesday 2 November Wednesday 3 November Thursday 4 November Friday 5 November Saturday 6 November Sunday 7 November Monday 8 November Tuesday 9 November Wednesday 10 November Thursday 11 November Friday 12 November Saturday 13 November Sunday 14 November Monday 15 November Tuesday 16 November Wednesday 17 November Thursday 18 November Friday 19 November Saturday 20 November Sunday 21 November Monday 22 November Tuesday 23 November Wednesday 24 November Thursday 25 November Friday 26 November Saturday 27 November Sunday 28 November Monday 29 November Tuesday 30 November Wednesday 1 December Thursday 2 December Friday 3 December Saturday 4 December Sunday 5 December Monday 6 December Tuesday 7 December Wednesday 8 December Thursday 9 December Friday 10 December Saturday 11 December During the Tribulation, Britain will no longer have a king or even a prince!
Jeremiah God has fulfilled that promise for some 3, years—but right at the end will come a point when that king, and that stone, will not be there! This awaits Britain in the time just ahead! Many other prophecies show that nation will be defeated and its people taken into captivity! What does this mean?
During the Tribulation, the king will probably be dead! Otherwise He could not allow Hosea to happen. How else can you explain what is going to happen in Britain? This book goes through several prophecies and biblical passages that explain this electrifying truth.
God has moved the throne of David out of Britain. So the throne on which Queen Elizabeth sits, and on which her successor will sit, is actually no longer that throne of David. How could it be otherwise? This is a great condemnation by God against that people! I want to encourage you to study the truth about the new throne of David!
Amid all the bad news in this world, this is very inspiring truth! It shows how God is watching over these events closely. It also shows just how close we are to the return of Jesus Christ, when He comes to claim His rightful place on that throne of David! The end of an era for Britain. It continued with Shaftesbury, of whom the same was true. It passed through Hutcheson, who was a Mason, to Hume, who like Locke and Shaftesbury had close associations with many Masons.
One of these was Claude Adrian Helvetius who was an ardent Freemason. He went on to institutionalize it as utilitarianism, which became the rationale for post-enlightened social reformers in the 19 th century. Bentham equated individual happiness with the general welfare and asserted that the general welfare the greatest good for the greatest number is the proper standard for determining right behavior. Said Bentham:. The principle of utility judges any action to be right by the tendency it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interests are in question.
The Enlightenment in France was also closely associated with Freemasonry. The Craft appears to have arrived there several decades after its appearance in England and Scotland.
Although its early members were on a social par with those in England and Scotland, by the middle of the century the lodges they formed were exhibiting different characteristics. The Enlightenment continued in Scotland with the innovations of scholars, physicians, and builders. By the middle of the 18 th century, Freemasonry in France was a home for widening circles of progressives and radicals.
England had by then adjudicated the complaints that led to its civil war, a commercial system was well on the way to replacing its old agricultural economy, and its ancient feudal order was giving way to an open society. Frenchmen followed these developments from across the Channel, but their own economy and social order remained firmly rooted in the past.
Enlightened ideas, like those David Hume brought to France in , floated across the channel and seeded themselves in the minds of French philosophes. Lumieres in the Parisian salons cultivated them in the light of their own circumstances, which were defined by men like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Helvetius, Diderot, and Rousseau, all of whom were or would become Masons. The first French lodge whose existence can be verified was founded in Paris in by the Earl of Derwentwater.
Clermont served in this post until his death in By the time of the revolution, lodges had been formed in France.
During his tenure, Philippe presided over four particularly notable lodges. Jean d'Ecosse, which was constituted in This was the first lodge in Paris to adopt the fellowcraft of the Scottish Rite.
The Scottish Rite embraces the idea that Freemasons belong to a brotherhood and are themselves an order of knights. It therefore attracted many members of the French military. John Paul Jones was an American member of this lodge. La Loge du Contrat Social was also a gathering place for musicians and performers. Jean-Benjamin de Laborde was, in addition to being a fermier generale and first valet de chamber to Louis VX, a composer of music.
Savalette was the son of Charles Pierre Savalette de Magnanville. In , his son became the junior Keeper of the Royal Treasury. The highest of these was known as La Philalethes , the seekers of truth. The members of this lofty circle had ties to an esoteric sect known as the Bavarian Illuminati, whose two-fold mission was to teach people how to be happy and help them achieve it by freeing themselves from the shackles of religious superstition.
In keeping with this enlightened vision, La Loge Amis Reunis embraced a social philosophy based on equality. One of its tenets was the abolition of the privileges that accompanied social rank. Comte de Roederer and du Pont de Nemours were also members of this group. These included minor clergy, lawyers, doctors, and entrepreneurs. Most were writers. Antoine Barnave and Adrien Duport were trained in the law, but found their callings in politics.
Count de Gebelin became famous by reading the future in Tarot card. In it, he described the utopian society that science would produce. Jean-Paul Marat was trained as a physician. Prior to the French Revolution, Marat maintained a scientific laboratory that Benjamin Franklin occasionally visited. Antoine Fourcroy was another physician. Louis Antoine Saint-Just was the youngest member of the lodge. It became the most prestigious of the dozen or so lodges that existed in the city prior to the revolution.
The rite, which guided this lodge, centered on Benevolence interpreted in terms of the virtue of women. It mission was to promote this virtue among its members who were to be tender loving mothers, faithful spouses, sincere friends, and caring citizens.
Her brother, who succeeded her father to this dukedom, became Grand Master of the La Grande Orient de France two years before Bathilde entered the Craft. She began as an ordinary Sister, but soon after her initiation, her brother appointed her head of all the French lodges of adoption. To qualify for this honor, she followed the normal procedures for rising through the masonic orders and became an embodiment of charity and benevolence.
The fourth Parisian lodge is perhaps the most famous—and the most radical. William Weisburger described it in these terms:. Lalande evidently envisioned a Masonic lodge explicitly designed to service the cause of the Enlightenment; his intention also was to have this lodge serve as the cultural locus of Masonry in Paris.
Lalande, moreover, thought that a Parisian Masonic learned society would provide prominent and obscure Masonic intellectuals the opportunity to interact, to deliver lectures about various topics, to display paintings and sculpture, to perform scientific experiments, and to sponsor special projects pertinent to Masonry and to the Enlightenment. He evidently did not anticipate problems recruiting members for his proposed society.
This enlightener expected to recruit Masons affiliated with the Paris Academy of Sciences and with other learned societies in the French capital. Lalande also thought that Masonic intellectuals belonging to French provincial academies and to European and American learned societies would like to serve as members of a Parisian Masonic academy.
Among the men who became members of the lodge were Abbe Sieyes, Dr. In addition to their shared interest in science, its members supported the creation of a republican government in France. Benjamin Franklin spoke to the ordinary man when he described the principles and tenets of Freemasonry.
Freemasonry has tenets peculiar to itself, Franklin explained:. They serve as testimonials of character and qualifications, which are only conferred after due course of instruction and examination. These are of no small value; they speak a universal language, and act as a passport to the attentions and support of the initiated in all parts of the world. They cannot be lost as long as memory retains its power.
Let the possessor of them be expatriated, shipwrecked or imprisoned, let him be stripped of everything he has got in the world, still those credentials remain, and are available for use as circumstances require. The good effects they have produced are established by the most incontestable facts of history. They have stayed the uplifted hand of the destroyer; they have softened the asperities of the tyrant; they have mitigated the horrors of captivity; they have subdued the rancor of malevolence; and broken down the barriers of political animosity and sectarian alienation.
On the field of battle, in the solitudes of the uncultivated forest, or in the busy haunts of the crowded city, they have made men of the most hostile feelings, the most distant regions, and diversified conditions, rush to the aid of each other, and feel a special joy and satisfaction that they have been able to afford relief to a Brother Mason. All of these, one notices, conduce to the common good. Brotherhood is a key tenet in lodges and that is one reason why Freemasonry is designed to allow men to meet together.
The Enlightenment was, in other words, as much a period of social integration and political engagement as it was an age of intellectual development. As the century progressed and new men from new generations ascended to leadership positions, the focus on science declined and demands for social reform increased. Freemasons were leaders in both these essential aspects of 18 th century history and in every phase in their advance.
Interest in Freemasonry expanded steadily through the century because in provided its members with social opportunities that were not otherwise available.
They studied and internalized a universal creed of civil virtue, which encouraged them to take an active hand in improving their flawed societies. Indeed, they were leaders in every aspect of this process. Jefferson arrived in France in time to become involved in one of its greatest moments: a rising generation of political activists, many of whom he either knew personally or knew of through friends, was seizing control of a political movement that had been organized by the progressives of the previous generation.
Many, probably most, of the key figures in this movement were freemasons. Jefferson had close associations with members from both generations, being men like Franklin and la Rochefoucauld, Brissot, Cabanis, and Lafayette. Surely Jefferson had occasion to speak with them about the creeds and social vision that guided them in their public and private lives.
These men were after all creating a new world on enlightened principles of Freemasonry. Penguin Books. Preface: x. Oxford University Press. New York. He did this by joining the small closed group of the duc de la Rochefoucauld, which included the Marquis de Condorcet and Lafayette.
Freemasonic Symbolism and Georgian Gardens. University of Warwick, Gilbert Daynes. The Builder Magazine. Since its release the game has undergone tremendous changes, while we could spend time thinking about how far we have come and what difficulties we have faced,.
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